The Role of Serotonin in the Body and its Effects: Impact on Muscles and Physical Performance

Tweet Follow @AZSPerformance

Serotonin, a neurotransmitter primarily associated with mood regulation, plays a crucial role within the body. Beyond its influence on emotions, serotonin also affects various physiological processes, including sleep, appetite, and even muscle function. This article delves into the multifaceted role of serotonin in the body, exploring its impact on muscles, physical performance, and strategies to prevent excessive serotonin release.

Serotonin's Functions and Effects

Serotonin, often referred to as the "feel-good" neurotransmitter, is mainly produced in the brain. It is involved in regulating mood, anxiety, and happiness, contributing to emotional stability and mental well-being. Additionally, serotonin is essential for the proper functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, playing a role in digestion and gut motility. Furthermore, serotonin has an impact on blood clotting and blood vessel constriction. Abnormalities in serotonin levels have been associated with various mood disorders such as depression, anxiety, and even conditions like irritable bowel syndrome.

Serotonin's Influence on Muscles and Physical Performance

While serotonin is primarily recognized for its role in mood regulation, it also has a connection to muscles and physical performance. During exercise, serotonin is released by certain muscles. This release has been theorized to help regulate fatigue and stress during physical activity. However, excessive serotonin release might potentially contribute to reduced physical performance. Therefore, maintaining an appropriate balance of serotonin is important for optimizing exercise capabilities.

Preventing Excessive Serotonin Release

To prevent excessive serotonin release, consider the following strategies:

1. Balanced Nutrition

Consuming foods rich in tryptophan, a precursor to serotonin, can help maintain serotonin balance. Foods such as bananas, nuts, and cheese contain tryptophan and can contribute to healthy serotonin levels.

2. Moderate Exercise

Engaging in moderate, balanced exercise rather than overexertion can help prevent excessive serotonin release.

3. Stress Management

High stress levels can impact serotonin balance. Practicing relaxation techniques, mindfulness, and stress management can aid in preventing serotonin imbalances.

4. Quality Sleep

Prioritize getting adequate sleep to regulate serotonin levels effectively.

5. Cautious Use of Supplements and Medication

If considering supplements or medications that affect serotonin levels, consult a healthcare professional to ensure safe usage.

Remember that individual responses to serotonin-related factors can vary. Consulting with a medical professional is crucial for tailored advice based on personal circumstances.

epilogue

In conclusion, serotonin's role in the body extends beyond mood regulation. Its effects influence muscles, physical performance, and various physiological processes. Achieving a balanced serotonin level is essential for overall well-being and optimal physical capabilities. By adopting healthy lifestyle choices and seeking professional guidance, individuals can take steps to prevent excessive serotonin release and maintain their physical and mental health.

reference

1: Lack of Skeletal Muscle Serotonin Impairs Physical Performance Marion Falabrègue, Anne-Claire Boschat, Romain Jouffroy, Marieke Derquennes, Haidar Djemai, Sylvia Sanquer, Robert Barouki, Xavier Coumoul, Jean-François Toussaint, Olivier Hermine, Philippe Noirez, Francine Côté Int J Tryptophan Res. 2021; 14: 11786469211003109. Published online 2021 Mar 22. doi: 10.1177/11786469211003109 PMCID: PMC7989111 2: Serotonin and Histamine Therapy Increases Tetanic Forces of Myoblasts, Reduces Muscle Injury, and Improves Grip Strength Performance of Dmdmdx Mice Volkan Gurel, Jeremy Lins, Kristyn Lambert, Joan Lazauski, James Spaulding, John McMichael Dose Response. 2015 Oct-Dec; 13(4): 1559325815616351. Published online 2015 Nov 11. doi: 10.1177/1559325815616351 PMCID: PMC4679190 3: Effects of serotonin on skeletal muscle growth Suchismita Chandran, Tingqing Guo, Teresa Tolliver, Weiping Chen, Dennis L Murphy, Alexandra C McPherron BMC Proc. 2012; 6(Suppl 3): O3. Published online 2012 Jun 1. doi: 10.1186/1753-6561-6-S3-O3 PMCID: PMC3394452 4: Sigma receptors regulate contractions of the guinea pig ileum longitudinal muscle/myenteric plexus preparation elicited by both electrical stimulation and exogenous serotonin BG Campbell, MW Scherz, JF Keana, E Weber J Neurosci. 1989 Oct 1; 9(10): 3380–3391. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.09-10-03380.1989 PMCID: PMC6569899 5: Serotonin modulates muscle function in the medicinal leech Hirudo verbana Shannon P. Gerry, David J. Ellerby Biol Lett. 2011 Dec 23; 7(6): 885–888. Published online 2011 May 11. doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2011.0303 PMCID: PMC3210649 6: The Action of Serotonin on Calcium-45 Efflux from the Anterior Byssal Retractor Muscle of Mytilus edulis Eunice Bloomquist, Brian A. Curtis J Gen Physiol. 1972 Apr 1; 59(4): 476–485. doi: 10.1085/jgp.59.4.476 PMCID: PMC2203189 7: Nerve, muscle, and serotonin. M Takamori J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1977 Jan; 40(1): 89–96. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.40.1.89 PMCID: PMC492609 8: Stimulation of aortic smooth muscle cell mitogenesis by serotonin. G M Nemecek, S R Coughlin, D A Handley, M A Moskowitz Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Feb; 83(3): 674–678. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.3.674 PMCID: PMC322926 9: Serotonin regulates repolarization of the C. elegans pharyngeal muscle Timothy Niacaris, Leon Avery J Exp Biol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2015 May 23.Published in final edited form as: J Exp Biol. 2003 Jan; 206(0 2): 223–231. doi: 10.1242/jeb.00101 PMCID: PMC4441752 10: Phospholipase D signaling in serotonin-induced mitogenesis of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells Y. Liu, B. L. Fanburg Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2008 Sep; 295(3): L471–L478. Published online 2008 Jul 11. doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00071.2008 PMCID: PMC2536796 11: Role of Protein Transamidation in Serotonin-Induced Proliferation and Migration of Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells Yinglin Liu, Lin Wei, Debra L. Laskin, Barry L. Fanburg Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2011 Apr; 44(4): 548–555. Published online 2010 Jun 17. doi: 10.1165/rcmb.2010-0078OC PMCID: PMC3095926 12: Involvement of Organic Cation Transporter-3 and Plasma Membrane Monoamine Transporter in Serotonin Uptake in Human Brain Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Rachel W. S. Li, Cui Yang, Y. W. Kwan, S. W. Chan, Simon M. Y. Lee, George P. H. Leung Front Pharmacol. 2013; 4: 14. Published online 2013 Feb 12. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2013.00014 PMCID: PMC3569667 13: Tissue Transglutaminase Promotes Serotonin-Induced AKT Signaling and Mitogenesis in Pulmonary Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Krishna Penumatsa, Shereen Abualkhair, Lin Wei, Rod Warburton, Ioana Preston, Nicholas S. Hill, Stephanie W. Watts, Barry L. Fanburg, Deniz Toksoz Cell Signal. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2015 Dec 1.Published in final edited form as: Cell Signal. 2014 Dec; 26(12): 2818–2825. Published online 2014 Sep 15. doi: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.09.002 PMCID: PMC4270091 14: Serotonin-Induced Growth of Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Requires Activation of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase B/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin/p70 Ribosomal S6 Kinase 1 Yinglin Liu, Barry L. Fanburg Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2006 Feb; 34(2): 182–191. Published online 2005 Sep 29. doi: 10.1165/rcmb.2005-0163OC PMCID: PMC2644181 15: The Lbc Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor/α-Catulin Axis Functions in Serotonin-induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Mitogenesis and RhoA/ROCK Activation Michael D. Bear, Min Li, Yinglin Liu, Maryann A. Giel-Moloney, Barry L. Fanburg, Deniz Toksoz J Biol Chem. 2010 Oct 22; 285(43): 32919–32926. Published online 2010 Aug 9. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109.062513 PMCID: PMC2963423 16: Serotonin induces pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell migration Regina M. Day, Abena S. Agyeman, Michael J. Segel, Rubén D. Chévere, Jill M. Angelosanto, Yuichiro J. Suzuki, Barry L. Fanburg Biochem Pharmacol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2007 Mar 23.Published in final edited form as: Biochem Pharmacol. 2006 Jan 12; 71(3): 386–397. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2005.10.035 PMCID: PMC1831537 17: Caenorhabditis elegans Galphaq regulates egg-laying behavior via a PLCbeta-independent and serotonin-dependent signaling pathway and likely functions both in the nervous system and in muscle. Carol A Bastiani, Shahla Gharib, Melvin I Simon, Paul W Sternberg Genetics. 2003 Dec; 165(4): 1805–1822. doi: 10.1093/genetics/165.4.1805 PMCID: PMC1462877 18: A 70-Year-Old Woman Presenting with Confusion and Muscle Spasms Due to Serotonin Syndrome Associated with Paroxetine and Quetiapine Treatment Elizabeth Mostel, Savan Patel, Brian G. Wiener Am J Case Rep. 2022; 23: e938268-1–e938268-4. Published online 2022 Nov 11. doi: 10.12659/AJCR.938268 PMCID: PMC9664415 19: Association of Serum Glucose, Serotonin, Aspartate Aminotransferase, and Calcium Levels with Meat Quality and Palatability Characteristics of Broiler Pectoralis Major Muscle Boin Lee, Young Min Choi Animals (Basel) 2022 Jun; 12(12): 1567. Published online 2022 Jun 17. doi: 10.3390/ani12121567 PMCID: PMC9219423 20: Serotonin-Mediated Activation of Serotonin Receptor Type 1 Oppositely Modulates Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel Currents in Rat Sensory Neurons Innervating Hindlimb Muscle Laura Anselmi, Joyce S. Kim, Marc P. Kaufman, Shouhao Zhou, Victor Ruiz-Velasco Mol Pharmacol. 2022 May; 101(5): 309–321. Published online 2022 May. doi: 10.1124/molpharm.121.000419 PMCID: PMC9092463 21: The Effect of Microdialysis Catheter Insertion on Glutamate and Serotonin Levels in Masseter Muscle in Patients with Myofascial Temporomandibular Disorders and Healthy Controls Ermira Bajramaj, Birgitta Häggman-Henrikson, Andreas Dawson, Björn Gerdle, Bijar Ghafouri Diagnostics (Basel) 2019 Mar; 9(1): 14. Published online 2019 Jan 22. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics9010014 PMCID: PMC6468744 22: Enhanced availability of serotonin increases activation of unfatigued muscle but exacerbates central fatigue during prolonged sustained contractions Justin J. Kavanagh, Amelia J. McFarland, Janet L. Taylor J Physiol. 2019 Jan 1; 597(1): 319–332. Published online 2018 Nov 8. doi: 10.1113/JP277148 PMCID: PMC6312415 23: Serotonin-gated inward currents are three times more frequent in rat hairy skin sensory afferents than in those innervating the skeletal muscle Leonardo Fierro Mol Pain. 2017; 13: 1744806917729055. Published online 2017 Sep 4. doi: 10.1177/1744806917729055 PMCID: PMC5588798 24: Caveolin-1: Functional Insights into Its Role in Muscarine- and Serotonin-Induced Smooth Muscle Constriction in Murine Airways Maryam Keshavarz, Heike Schwarz, Petra Hartmann, Silke Wiegand, Melanie Skill, Mike Althaus, Wolfgang Kummer, Gabriela Krasteva-Christ Front Physiol. 2017; 8: 295. Published online 2017 May 15. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00295 PMCID: PMC5430063 25: Serotonin improves glucose metabolism by Serotonylation of the small GTPase Rab4 in L6 skeletal muscle cells Ramona Al-Zoairy, Michael T. Pedrini, Mohammad Imran Khan, Julia Engl, Alexander Tschoner, Christoph Ebenbichler, Gerhard Gstraunthaler, Karin Salzmann, Rania Bakry, Andreas Niederwanger Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2017; 9: 1. Published online 2017 Jan 3. doi: 10.1186/s13098-016-0201-1 PMCID: PMC5209910 26: Effects of cyclopiazonic acid and dexamethasone on serotonin-induced calcium responses in vascular smooth muscle cells Cigdem Selli, Metiner Tosun J Physiol Biochem. 2016; 72: 245–253. Published online 2016 Mar 4. doi: 10.1007/s13105-016-0474-8 PMCID: PMC4873523 27: Serotonin reuptake inhibitor, fluoxetine, dilates isolated skeletal muscle arterioles. Possible role of altered Ca2+ sensitivity Pal Pacher, Zoltan Ungvari, Valéria Kecskemeti, Akos Koller Br J Pharmacol. 1999 Jun; 127(3): 740–746. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702571 PMCID: PMC1566050 28: Serotonin receptor-mediated stimulation of bovine smooth muscle cell prostacyclin synthesis and its modulation by platelet-derived growth factor. S R Coughlin, M A Moskowitz, H N Antoniades, L Levine Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Nov; 78(11): 7134–7138. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.11.7134 PMCID: PMC349210 29: Inability of Serotonin to Activate the c-Jun N-terminal Kinase and p38 Kinase Pathways in Rat Aortic Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Amy KL Banes, Robert D Loberg, Frank C Brosius, III, Stephanie W Watts BMC Pharmacol. 2001; 1: 8. Published online 2001 Oct 8. doi: 10.1186/1471-2210-1-8 PMCID: PMC58586 30: JNK regulates serotonin-mediated proliferation and migration of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells Lin Wei, Yinglin Liu, Hideaki Kaneto, Barry L. Fanburg Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2010 Jun; 298(6): L863–L869. Published online 2010 Mar 12. doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00281.2009 PMCID: PMC2886609 31: The Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Alanine and Glutamine Formation and Release in Experimental Chronic Uremia in the Rat: SUBSENSITIVITY OF ADENYLATE CYCLASE AND AMINO ACID RELEASE TO EPINEPHRINE AND SEROTONIN Alan J. Garber J Clin Invest. 1978 Sep; 62(3): 633–641. doi: 10.1172/JCI109170 PMCID: PMC371809 32: Allergen and Ozone Exacerbate Serotonin-Induced Increases in Airway Smooth Muscle Contraction in a Model of Childhood Asthma Brian D. Moore, Dallas Hyde, Lisa Miller, Emily Wong, Jessica Frelinger, Edward S. Schelegle Respiration. 2012 Jun; 83(6): 529–542. Published online 2012 Apr 13. doi: 10.1159/000336835 PMCID: PMC7068792 33: Serotonin and the Small Cardioactive Peptides Differentially Modulate Two Motor Neurons That Innervate the Same Muscle Fibers inAplysia Lyle E. Fox, Philip E. Lloyd J Neurosci. 1997 Aug 15; 17(16): 6064–6074. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-16-06064.1997 PMCID: PMC6568356 34: Serotonin transporter interacts with the PDGFβ receptor in PDGF-BB-induced signaling and mitogenesis in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells Wenying Ren, Stephanie W. Watts, Barry L. Fanburg Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2011 Mar; 300(3): L486–L497. Published online 2010 Dec 24. doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00237.2010 PMCID: PMC3064292 35: The action of serotonin on excitatory nerve terminals in lobster nerve-muscle preparations. S Glusman, E A Kravitz J Physiol. 1982; 325: 223–241. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1982.sp014147 PMCID: PMC1251391 36: Serotonin transporter overexpression is responsible for pulmonary artery smooth muscle hyperplasia in primary pulmonary hypertension Saadia Eddahibi, Marc Humbert, Elie Fadel, Bernadette Raffestin, Michèle Darmon, Frédérique Capron, Gerald Simonneau, Philippe Dartevelle, Michel Hamon, Serge Adnot J Clin Invest. 2001 Oct 15; 108(8): 1141–1150. doi: 10.1172/JCI12805 PMCID: PMC209526 37: Molecular interactions of serotonin (5-HT) and endothelin-1 in vascular smooth muscle cells: in vitro and ex vivo analyses Subha Bhaskaran, Jeremy Zaluski, Amy Banes-Berceli Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2014 Jan 15; 306(2): C143–C151. Published online 2013 Nov 6. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00247.2013 PMCID: PMC3919985 38: Effects of Electron Radiation on Serotonin Signaling and Reactivity of Rat Gastric Smooth Muscle Raina Ardasheva, Natalia Prissadova, Valentin Turiyski, Anna Tolekova, Athanas Krastev, Mina Pencheva, Veselin Popov Toxics. 2023 Jul; 11(7): 603. Published online 2023 Jul 12. doi: 10.3390/toxics11070603 PMCID: PMC10383043 39: 5-HT2A, 5-HT1B/D, 5HT3 and 5-HT7 receptors as mediators of serotonin-induced direct contractile response of bovine airway smooth muscle Darwin Da Costa Guevara, Ernesto Trejo J Smooth Muscle Res. 2021; 57: 79–93. Published online 2021 Dec 28. doi: 10.1540/jsmr.57.79 PMCID: PMC8710915 40: Upregulation of miR-361-3p suppresses serotonin-induced proliferation in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells by targeting SERT Ying Zhang, Yongbin Chen, Guo Chen, Yingling Zhou, Hua Yao, Hong Tan Cell Mol Biol Lett. 2020; 25: 45. Published online 2020 Oct 7. doi: 10.1186/s11658-020-00237-6 PMCID: PMC7542879 41: Escitalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, inhibits voltage-dependent K+ channels in coronary arterial smooth muscle cells Han Sol Kim, Hongliang Li, Hye Won Kim, Sung Eun Shin, Mi Seon Seo, Jin Ryeol An, Kwon-Soo Ha, Eun-Taek Han, Seok-Ho Hong, Il-Whan Choi, Grace Choi, Dae-sung Lee, Won Sun Park Korean J Physiol Pharmacol. 2017 Jul; 21(4): 415–421. Published online 2017 Jun 26. doi: 10.4196/kjpp.2017.21.4.415 PMCID: PMC5507780 42: Ketanserin and Naftopidil Enhance the Potentiating Effect of Alpha-Methyl-Serotonin on the Neurally-Induced Contraction of Human Isolated Urinary Bladder Muscle Strips Tsuyoshi Hattori, Philippe Lluel, Céline Rouget, Moèz Rekik, Mitsuharu Yoshiyama Int Neurourol J. 2017 Mar; 21(1): 20–28. Published online 2017 Mar 24. doi: 10.5213/inj.1732758.379 PMCID: PMC5380824 43: Vesicle miR-195 derived from Endothelial Cells Inhibits Expression of Serotonin Transporter in Vessel Smooth Muscle Cells Junzhong Gu, Huiyuan Zhang, Bingyang Ji, Hui Jiang, Tao Zhao, Rongcai Jiang, Zhiren Zhang, Shengjiang Tan, Asif Ahmed, Yuchun Gu Sci Rep. 2017; 7: 43546. Published online 2017 Mar 8. doi: 10.1038/srep43546 PMCID: PMC5341127 44: In vivo Monitoring of Serotonin in the Striatum of Freely-Moving Rats with One-Minute Temporal Resolution by Online Microdialysis-Capillary High Performance Liquid Chromatography at Elevated Temperature and Pressure Jing Zhang, Andrea Jaquins-Gerstl, Kathryn M. Nesbitt, Sarah C. Rutan, Adrian C. Michael, Stephen G. Weber Anal Chem. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2014 Oct 15.Published in final edited form as: Anal Chem. 2013 Oct 15; 85(20): 9889–9897. Published online 2013 Sep 24. doi: 10.1021/ac4023605 PMCID: PMC3899587 45: Optimization for speed and sensitivity in capillary high performance liquid chromatography. The importance of column diameter in online monitoring of serotonin by microdialysis Jing Zhang, Yansheng Liu, Andrea Jaquins-Gerstl, Zhan Shu, Adrian C. Michael, Stephen G. Weber J Chromatogr A. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2013 Aug 17.Published in final edited form as: J Chromatogr A. 2012 Aug 17; 1251: 54–62. Published online 2012 Jun 9. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.06.002 PMCID: PMC3419010 46: Dissociable effects of noradrenaline, dopamine, and serotonin uptake blockade on stop task performance in rats Andrea Bari, Dawn M. Eagle, Adam C. Mar, Emma S. J. Robinson, Trevor W. Robbins Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2009 Aug; 205(2): 273–283. Published online 2009 Apr 30. doi: 10.1007/s00213-009-1537-0 PMCID: PMC2705723 47: In Vitro Biofouling Performance of Boron-Doped Diamond Microelectrodes for Serotonin Detection Using Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry Bhavna Gupta, Mason L. Perillo, James R. Siegenthaler, Isabelle E. Christensen, Matthew P. Welch, Robert Rechenberg, G M Hasan Ul Banna, Davit Galstyan, Michael F. Becker, Wen Li, Erin K. Purcell Biosensors (Basel) 2023 Jun; 13(6): 576. Published online 2023 May 25. doi: 10.3390/bios13060576 PMCID: PMC10296319 48: Effects of incubation lighting with green or white light on brown layers: hatching performance, feather pecking and hypothalamic expressions of genes related with photoreception, serotonin, and stress systems Sezen Özkan, Servet Yalçın, Özer Hakan Bayraktar, Güldehen Bilgen, Miray Dayıoğlu, J. Elizabeth Bolhuis, T. Bas Rodenburg Poult Sci. 2022 Nov; 101(11): 102114. Published online 2022 Aug 5. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102114 PMCID: PMC9468462 49: Effects of dietary leucine and tryptophan on serotonin metabolism and growth performance of growing pigs Woong B Kwon, Jose A Soto, Hans H Stein J Anim Sci. 2022 Jan; 100(1): skab356. Published online 2021 Dec 2. doi: 10.1093/jas/skab356 PMCID: PMC8760898 50: Effects of Chronic Thermal Stress on Performance, Energy Metabolism, Antioxidant Activity, Brain Serotonin, and Blood Biochemical Indices of Broiler Chickens Omar A. Ahmed-Farid, Ayman S. Salah, Mohamed Abdo Nassan, Mahmoud S. El-Tarabany Animals (Basel) 2021 Sep; 11(9): 2554. Published online 2021 Aug 31. doi: 10.3390/ani11092554 PMCID: PMC8467978 51: Excess dietary leucine in diets for growing pigs reduces growth performance, biological value of protein, protein retention, and serotonin synthesis Woong B Kwon, Kevin J Touchette, Aude Simongiovanni, Kostas Syriopoulos, Anna Wessels, Hans H Stein J Anim Sci. 2019 Oct; 97(10): 4282–4292. Published online 2019 Aug 14. doi: 10.1093/jas/skz259 PMCID: PMC6776264 52: Influence of Serotonin Transporter SLC6A4 Genotype on the Effect of Psychosocial Stress on Cognitive Performance: An Exploratory Pilot Study David Q. Beversdorf, Allen L. Carpenter, Jessica K. Alexander, Neil T. Jenkins, Michael R. Tilley, Catherine A. White, Ashleigh J. Hillier, Ryan M. Smith, Howard H. Gu Cogn Behav Neurol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2019 Jun 1.Published in final edited form as: Cogn Behav Neurol. 2018 Jun; 31(2): 79–85. doi: 10.1097/WNN.0000000000000153 PMCID: PMC6021134 53: Blood phenylalanine reduction corrects CNS dopamine and serotonin deficiencies and partially improves behavioral performance in adult phenylketonuric mice Shelley R Winn, Tanja Scherer, Beat Thöny, Ming Ying, Aurora Martinez, Sydney Weber, Jacob Raber, Cary O Harding Mol Genet Metab. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2019 Jan 1.Published in final edited form as: Mol Genet Metab. 2018 Jan; 123(1): 6–20. Published online 2017 Oct 19. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2017.10.009 PMCID: PMC5786171 54: Serotonin Transporter Polymorphism Modulates N-Back Task Performance and fMRI BOLD Signal Intensity in Healthy Women Rune Jonassen, Tor Endestad, Alexander Neumeister, Kari Bente Foss Haug, Jens Petter Berg, Nils Inge Landrø PLoS One. 2012; 7(1): e30564. Published online 2012 Jan 23. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030564 PMCID: PMC3264612 55: Escitalopram reduces attentional performance in anxious older adults with high-expression genetic variants at serotonin 2A and 1B receptors Eric J. Lenze, David Dixon, Petra Nowotny, Francis E. Lotrich, Peter M. Doré, Bruce G. Pollock, Anthony L. Hinrichs, Meryl A. Butters Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2014 Mar 27.Published in final edited form as: Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2013 Mar; 16(2): 279–288. Published online 2012 Apr 17. doi: 10.1017/S1461145712000351 PMCID: PMC3967864 56: 476 Metabolic status and performance at the onset of lactation in dairy cows are associated with circulating serotonin. E Kessler, S Wall, L Hernandez, R Bruckmaier, J Gross J Anim Sci. 2018 Dec; 96(Suppl 3): 262. Published online 2018 Dec 7. doi: 10.1093/jas/sky404.574 PMCID: PMC6285689 57: Positron Emission Tomographic Studies of Brain Dopamine and Serotonin Transporters in Abstinent (±) 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (“Ecstasy”) Users: Relationship to Cognitive Performance Una D. McCann, Zsolt Szabo, Melin Vranesic, Michael Palermo, William B. Mathews, Hayden T. Ravert, Robert F. Dannals, George A. Ricaurte Psychopharmacology (Berl) Author manuscript; available in PMC 2009 Dec 7.Published in final edited form as: Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2008 Oct; 200(3): 439–450. Published online 2008 Jul 27. doi: 10.1007/s00213-008-1218-4 PMCID: PMC2789420 58: Brain serotonin and dopamine modulators, perceptual responses and endurance performance during exercise in the heat following creatine supplementation Marios Hadjicharalambous, Liam P Kilduff, Yannis P Pitsiladis J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2008; 5: 14. Published online 2008 Sep 30. doi: 10.1186/1550-2783-5-14 PMCID: PMC2570654 59: Plasma Serotonin 2A Receptor Autoantibodies Predict Rapid, Substantial Decline in Neurocognitive Performance in Older Adult Veterans with TBI Mark B. Zimering, Mihal Grinberg, Catherine E Myers, Gideon Bahn Endocrinol Diabetes Metab J. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2022 Dec 15.Published in final edited form as: Endocrinol Diabetes Metab J. 2022 Jul; 6(1): 614. Published online 2022 Aug 23. doi: 10.31038/edmj.2022614 PMCID: PMC9753318 60: Brain gain—Is the cognitive performance of domestic hens affected by a functional polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene? Anissa Dudde, Loc Phi Van, Lars Schrader, Arnd J. Obert, E. Tobias Krause Front Psychol. 2022; 13: 901022. Published online 2022 Sep 15. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.901022 PMCID: PMC9521620 61: Serotonin transporter and cholecystokinin in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome: Associations with abdominal pain, visceral hypersensitivity and psychological performance Geng Qin, Yu Zhang, Shu-Kun Yao World J Clin Cases. 2020 May 6; 8(9): 1632–1641. Published online 2020 May 6. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i9.1632 PMCID: PMC7211531 62: Modulation of Tryptophan and Serotonin Metabolism as a Biochemical Basis of the Behavioral Effects of Use and Withdrawal of Androgenic-Anabolic Steroids and Other Image- and Performance-Enhancing Agents Abdulla A-B Badawy Int J Tryptophan Res. 2018; 11: 1178646917753422. Published online 2018 Feb 19. doi: 10.1177/1178646917753422 PMCID: PMC5821294 63: Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (Val66Met) and Serotonin Transporter (5-HTTLPR) Polymorphisms Modulate Plasticity in Inhibitory Control Performance Over Time but Independent of Inhibitory Control Training Sören Enge, Monika Fleischhauer, Anne Gärtner, Andreas Reif, Klaus-Peter Lesch, Matthias Kliegel, Alexander Strobel Front Hum Neurosci. 2016; 10: 370. Published online 2016 Jul 29. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00370 PMCID: PMC4966207 64: Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Serotonin Transporter Genotype Modulate Performance Monitoring Functions But Not Their Electrophysiological Correlates Adrian G. Fischer, Tanja Endrass, Martin Reuter, Christian Kubisch, Markus Ullsperger J Neurosci. 2015 May 27; 35(21): 8181–8190. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5124-14.2015 PMCID: PMC6605345

Related Articles

Your future Success!

Recovery

How to icing for recovery and healing!
The role of sleep in athletic performance
More articles from AZSP Blog